Digestive System:Chapter 15

Mucosa Lining

Protects, Absorbs, Secretes

Epithelial tissue

Submucosa

Blood Vessels, Nerves, Nourishes

Loose Connective Tissue

Muscular coat

2 Layers of Smooth muscle

Fibroserous Coat

Secrets Serous Fluid (keeps moist)

Hard Palate

Roof of oral cavity
-2 Maxillae bones
-2 Palantines

Soft Palate

seperates cavity from nasopharynx
-muscle is arch shaped

Uvula

extends from soft palate

closes nasal cavity when swallowing

Palatine Tonsils

lymphatic tissue
protects against infection

Tongue

skeletal muscle
connected to mandible
pulverizes and kneads food

Papillae

rough elevations (NOT the tastebuds)
3 types-Filoform, fungiform, circumvallate

Filoform

tongue elevations that are on the anterior 2/3 or the tongue

Fungiform

Tongue elevations
mushroom shape near edge

Circumvallate

Tongue elevations
round
forms an inverted V at posterior part of tongue

Sulingual Salvary Gland

BAck of chin, below tongue
mucus thick and stringy

Submandibular/Submaxillary

In floor of mouth inside jaw

Parotid

Below and anterior to the ears

Salivation

99% water, enzymes and mineral salts
digest starches
produces 1 quart a day

What strengthen teeth?

A diet requiring chewing, soft foods cause atrophy

Decidous teeth

baby teeth

How many decidous teeth are there?

20!
10 top
10 bottom

Permanent Teeth

3-2-1-2--2-1-2-3

Incisors

Cut

Cuspids

Canine (eye) tear

Bicuspids

Molarsr--grind

Triscupids

Molars--grind

Wisdom Teeth

hurt due to shortness of jaw

Pharynx

extends from base of skull to esophogus (tube-like)

Palatine Tonsil

most often removed

Palatine Tonsil

most often removed

Lingual Tonsils

base of tongue deep in pharynx

Pharynx

(adenoids)

Esophogus

collapsible tube (no rings)
about 10 inches long

Where is the esophogus

extends from pharynx to stomach piercing

Deglulition

act of swalling
involuntary then involuntary process

Peristalsis

ring of contractions down wall of tube, pushes contents ahead to stomach

How much can the stomach hold

3-4 liters of food/drink

Cardiac Divison of Stomach

nearest heart

Fundus Divison of Stomach

storage area (air)

Body Divison of Stomach

portion between cardiac and pylorus

Pylorus Divison of Stomach

section before the intestine

Lumen Divison of Stomach

Stomach cavity

Rugae

ridges within stomach for absorption and mechanical digetion

Pyloraspasm (Infants)

Muscles do not relax
causes vomitting

Pylor stenosis

an obstructive narrowing

Functions of the Stomach

REservoir
Secretes gastric juices
Churns and mixes food
Absorption

Length of SI for carnivore

5x the trunk

Length of SI for herbivore

16x the trunk

LEngth of SI for omnivore

8x the trunk

Villi

vascular projections, increase surface area

Functions of Small Intestine

Completes digestion of food
Absorbs end producst in blood
Secretes Hormones

Ahydraulic Press

Appendix off end of cecum contains lymphatic tissue

Functions of Large Intestine

absorption of water
secretion of mucus
elimination

Peritoneum

membrane covering most of before mentioned organs that holds them loosely in place

Liver

largest gland in body

Hepatic Duct

one from each liver lobe
when joined together froms common hepatic duct

Cystic Duct

from gall bladder to hepatic duct

Common Bile Duct

combination of cystic and hepatic
bile duct empties into duodenum

Functions of the Liver

detoxifies blood stream
Secretes bile
Metabolize fats
Cells store iron, vitamins

Functions of the Gall Bladder

stores bile from liver
-ejects bile into duodenum

Jaundice

bile duct blockage, bile absorbs into blood

Cholecystectomy
Gall Stones

removal of gall baldder
due to cholesterol crystallizing

Functions of the PAncreas

secretes digestive enzymes
secretes insulin
secretes glucagon-opposte of insulin

Mechanical forms of digestion

-mastication (chewing)
-deglutition
-peristalitic contractinos
-emptying stomach
-chrning and mixing
-defecation

Chemical

-enzymes
-changes occur with hydrolysis