Study
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Two Purines |
Adenine and Thyamine |
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Two pyrimidines |
Cytosine and Guanine |
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During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as this molecule |
mRNA |
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A mutation that changes a single amino acid |
Point mutation |
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A mutation that changes every amino acid after the mutation |
Shift mutation |
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The process that produces mRNA in a cell |
transcription |
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What does the helicase do in the DNA replication process? |
"Cuts" the weak hydrogen bonds keeping the DNA strand together |
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What does a binding protein do? |
Keeps the replication fork seperated |
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What does the RNA primer do? |
Begins synthesizing DNA strand |
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Whats the role of the DNA polymerase? |
It attaches nucleotides to the new strand |
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At the end of DNA replication, what do the polymerase and ligases do? |
Replace and bond the nucleotides together (attaches those in the primer area). |
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Where does TRANSLATION occur? |
Cytoplasm |
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Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur? |
In the nucleus |
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The number of strands RNA has |
One strand |
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How do the sugars in RNA and DNA differ? |
DNA has deoxyribose. RNA has just ribose. |
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Instead of 'thyamine', RNA has this base. |
Uracil. |
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How many different amino acids exist? |
20 |
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Three types of RNA |
-Messenger (mRNA) |
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What does mRNA do? |
Brings info from DNA strand from the nucleus to a ribosome |
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What does Ribosomal (rRNA) do? |
It makes up the ribosome where proteins are produced (clamps to mRNA to read it) |
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What does Transfer RNA (tRNA) do? |
Its the supplier of the 'assembly line'. It transports amino acids to ribosome to be assembled into proteins. |
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Who constructed the 'double helix' model of DNA? |
Watson and Crick |
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Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called ________. |
a codon |
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A nucleotide consists of what? |
Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and a Nitrogen base. |
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A nucleotide consists of what? |
Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and a Nitrogen base. |
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What do the 'caps' on RNA do? |
They protect the molecule and is a binding site for ribosomes. |
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List 3 steps of transcription... |
1. Enzyme unzips DNA molecule in the TATA box in the PROMOTOR SITE |
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What are the 3 sites in a ribosome? What order do the tRNA pass through them? |
EPA |