Anatomy Diseases

Multiple sclerosis

characterized by myelin loss in central nerve fibers and resulting in conduction impairments[Nervous System]

Nervous Tumors

most neuromas are gliomas, glial tumors[Nervous System]

Multiple neurofibromatosis

characterized by numerous benign tumors that can progress to disfiguring, crippling soft tissue tumors[Nervous System]

Parkinson disease

characterized by abnormally low levels of dopamine in motor control areas of the brain; patients usually exhibit involuntary trembling and muscle rigidity[Nervous System]

Cerebrovascular accident

hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow through cerebral blood vessels[Brain]

Cerebral Palsy

damage to motor control areas pre-natal or post-natal[Brain]

Dementia

-progressive memory loss
-shortened attention span
-personality changed
-reduced intellectual capacity
-motor control deficit
[Brain]

Alzheimer’s

It is the most common cause of dementia. It is a degenerative and terminal disease of the brain[Brain]

Huntington’s

It is a genetic neurological disorder and the most common sign is purposeless movement[Brain]

Seizure

sudden burst of abnormal neuron activity that results in temporary \changes in brain function[Brain]

Epilepsy

Recurring seizures[Brain]

Neuritis

nerve inflammation[PNS]

Sciatica

inflammation of the sciatic nerve that innervates the legs[PNS]

Trigeminal Neuralgia

recurring episodes of stabbing pain along one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve in the head[PNS]

Bell’s Palsy

It is the paralysis of the facial nerve and it is the loss of facial muscle control. It can be caused by a brain tumor, stroke, or lyme disease.[PNS]

Shingles

chicken pox virus invades dorsal root, remains dormant, usually localized inflammation[PNS]

Stressed-induced disorders of ANS

: heart disease, digestive problems, reduced immune system

Neuroblastoma

highly malignant tumor of sympathetic NS; primarily effects young children[ANS]

Myopia

the eye is too long, pulling the focal point in front of retina; corrected by a concave lens on the eye, which forces the light back onto the retina. Causes nearsightedness[Senses]

Hyperopia

the focal point is behind the eye, focal point is blurry; corrected by a convex lens; the eye is too short; causes farsightedness[Senses]

Astigmatism

an irregularity (bump, divot, etc) in the cornea which causes blurred vision[Senses]

Presbyopia

anterior (front) surface of the lens becomes stiff and can’t bend as easily as it used to[Senses]

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva; interferes with light reflection[Senses]

Trachoma

reoccurring Chlamydia(bacterial) infection; is obtained by coming in direct contact with eye, nose, and throat secretions[Senses]

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Pink eye; redness, irritation, and watering of the eyes[Senses]

Allergies

immune system causing inflammation[Senses]

Strabismus

improper eye alignment, can lead to blindness (cross-eyed, lazy-eye)[Senses]

Detatched Retina

It is a medical emergency that can lead to vision loss and blindness[Senses]

Diabetic Retinopathy

blood vessels in eye burst due to diabetes, can lead to blindness[Senses]

Glaucoma

increased pressure in the eye that pinches off tiny blood vessels that supply the retinal layer, leading to blindness[Senses]

Nyctalopia

night blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency [Senses]

Macular Degeneration(two types)

Dry:caused by blood not getting to a spot on the retina
Wet:blood vessels burst[Senses]

Color-blindness

genetic and X-linked; more common in men because it is a recessive gene on the X chromosome

Scatoma

the central visual field damaged; a large black dot in central field of vision, can only use peripheral vision[Senses]

Otosclerosis

inherited bone disorder where the stapes isn’t shaped correctly. First appears as tinnitus, or a sudden idiopathic ringing in the ears, eventually progresses to hearing loss[Senses]

Otitis

inflammation of the ear[Senses]

Presbycusis

deafness associated with aging[Senses]

Progressive nerve deafness

Is causes by long-term exposure to loud noise[Senses]

Meniere’s Disease

an inner-ear disorder; symptoms are tinnitus, nerve deafness, and vertigo. It is caused by increased pressure and volume in the inner ear

Hyperthyroidism

It is the hyper secretion of T4, T3= increased BMR. It is characterized by restlessness and exophthalmoses (protruding eyes). It is the inherited form of Graves' Disease.[Endocrine]

Hypothyroidism

It is the hypo secretion of T4, T3. May result in Goiter. [Endocrine]

Cushing’s syndrome

moon face, hump on back, elevated sugar in blood, frequent infection; caused by hypersecretion of GC's. [Endocrine]

Addison’s disease

muscle weakness, decrease blood sugar, nausea, appetite loss, weight loss; caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones[Endocrine]

Hyper secretion of Adrenal Androgens (testosterone)

This disease may result from a tumor and it is the masculization of women.[Endocrine]

Diabetes Mellitus(two types)
1. insulin dependent
2. non-insulin dependent

1. hypo secretion of insulin
2. target cell insensitivity to insulin iii. Glucose can’t enter cells, blood sugar increase, and glycosuria results (glucose in urine)[Endocrine

Anemia

inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues; characterized by abnormal red blood cell numbers and
deficiency of hemoglobin[RBC]

Anaplastic Anemia

low RBC number caused by bone marrow destruction[RBC]

Pernicious Anemia

low RBC count caused by lack of vitamin B-12[RBC]

Folate-deficiency Anemia

low RBC number caused by lack of folic acid (B-9)[RBC]

Iron deficiency anemia

low hemoglobin caused by lack of iron[RBC]

Hemolytic anemia

abnormal hemoglobin that causes deformation and fragility of red blood cells[RBC]

Sickle cell anemia

inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin causes characteristic RBC deformities[RBC]

Thalassemia

inherited disorder in which a small amount of abnormal hemoglobin is produced[RBC]

Leukopenia

abnormally low count[WBC]

Leukocytosis

abnormally high count[WBC]

Leukemia

cancer of the white blood cells; results in high WBC count; cells do not function properly[WBC]

Thrombosis

formation of an inappropriate stationary clot (thrombus)[Platelets]

Embolism

dislodged blood clot [Platelets]

Hemophilia

X-linked inheritance of inability to form essential clotting factors[Platelets]

Thrombocytopenia

abnormally small number of platelets[Platelets]

Stenosed valve

narrower than normal with causes a decrease in blood flow and an increase in blood pressure[Circulation]

Rheumatic heart disease

Delayed reaction to strep and it can damage heart valves[Circulation]

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Backflow from the mitral valve[Circulatory]

Arteriosclerosis

hardening of arteries; causes reduced blood flow, possibly causing ischemia that may progress into necrosis (gangrene)[Circulation]

Atherosclerosis

disorder in which lipids and other matter block arteries. This can be corrected by vasodilators (vessel-relaxing drugs), angioplasty, or surgical replacement.[Circulation]

Aneurysm

abnormal widening of arterial wall. They promote formation of thrombi that may obstruct vital tissues. They may burst, resulting in life threatening hemorrhage[Circulation]

Varicose veins

enlarged veins which causes blood to pool[Circulation]

Hemorrhoids

varicose veins of the rectum [Circulation]

Thrombophlebitis

vein inflammation (phlebitis) accompanied by clot (thrombus) formation; may result in fatal pulmonary embolism[Circulation]

Renal calculi (kidney stones)

many block ureters, causing intense pain called renal colic[Urinary]

Urinary Tumors

renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) and bladder cancer are often characterized by hematuria (blood in urine)[Urinary]

Urethritis

inflammation of the urethra[Urinary]

Cystitis

inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder[Urinary]

Pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissues of the kidney; may be acute (infectious) or chronic (autoimmune)[Urinary]

Hydronephrosis

enlargement of renal pelvis and calyces[Urinary]

Hypoalbuminemia

low plasma protein (albumin) level; caused by loss of proteins to urine[Urinary]

Edema

tissue swelling caused by loss of water from plasma as a result of hypoalbuminemia[Urinary]

Acute renal failure

abrupt reduction in kidney function that is usually reversible[Urinary]

Chronic renal failure

slow, progressive loss of nephrons caused by a variety of underlying diseases[Urinary]

GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

severe/ongoing heartburn[Digestive]

Gastritis

inflammation of the stomach[Digestive]

Anorexia

appetite loss[Digestive]

Nausea

upset stomach[Digestive]

Emesis

vomiting[Digestive]

Pylorospasm

irregular contractions of pyloric sphincter[Digestive]

Ulcers

open wounds caused by acid, occurs in duodenum of stomach[Digestive]

Enteritis

intestinal inflammation[Digestive]

Malabsorption syndrome

stomach not absorbing properly[Digestive]

Gallstones

crystallized bile salts, can cause jaundice[Digestive]

Hepatitis(A, B, C)

inflammation of liver, jaundice, anorexia, discomfort, gray-white fecal matter, dark urine, caused by toxins, bacteria, viruses, parasites[Digestive]

Cirrhosis

replace normal liver tissue w/ fatty fibrous tissue (liver failure)[Digestive]

Portal hypertension

increase in blood pressure in hepatic portal vein from liver backup[Digestive]

Pancreatitis

inflammation of pancreas[Digestive]

Cystic fibrosis

thickened secretions slows down pancreatic juices[Digestive]

Diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticula(pouch in large intestine)[Digestive]

Colitis

inflammation of colon[Digestive]

Acites

fluid in peritoneal space- bloating[Digestive]

Leukoplakia

precancerous cells that are associated with snuff dipper's pouch[Digestive]

Dental caries

precursor to cavities that results in cavities[Digestive]

Gingivitis

inflammation or infection of gums, can result from poor oral hygiene, diabetes, pregnancy[Digestive]

Peridontitis

leading cause of tooth lose among adults, inflammation of periodontal membrane[Digestive]

Thrush/oral candidiasis

yeast infection in back of throat and tongue caused by a fungus[Digestive]

Congenital defects

cleft palate and cleft lip[Digestive]