U.S. History Review

Compromise Tariff of 1833

It was introduced by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun to gradually reduce the tariff back to the original level of 1816

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were removed from their homeland and relocated out west. Many died along the way

Specie Circular

Jackson forced everyone to make all their payments on land in gold to stabilize the currency. He wrecked the economy by contracting the currency too much

William Henry Harrison

Famous Indian fighter and then was a general in the war of 1812. His most famous battle was the battle of Tippacanoe Creek. He was president in 1840

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin. It revolutionized the industry as cotton was dying out

The Second Great Awakening

It was an evangelistic movement that swept the country and led to social reforms. It was led by George Whitefield

Mormons

They got kicked out of Illinois and moved west to the desert. There is still a lot of controversy. They settled the west

William Lloyd Garrison

He is famous for editing the abolitionist paper called the liberator

Fredrick Douglas

Black abolitionist, who was famous for his speeches and he was an example of how a black man with education could advance himself in society

John Tyler

Became president after Harrison died. He represented the split in government over slavery

Mexican War

Mexico lost land to the U.S. (California, New Mexico, Texas) and it was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay’s decision to try and balance the number of free and slave states. Fugitive Slave Act was put in place, but it was corrupted by bribes so the Compromise was really ineffective

Kansas Nebraska Bill

Kansas was split over the issue of slavery. The federal made Kansas a slave state. It caused the fighting in Kansas the led to bleeding Kansas. It ripped apart the Compromise of 1820

Dred Scott Decision

Judge Taney ruled once a slave always a slave and that slaves could not be citizens. The southerners controlled all three branches of government

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

States right vs. nationalism. Theses debates thrust Lincoln into the limelight

John Brown

Meteor of the civil war. He brought violence the stage. He was a white abolitionist who hacked some southerners to death at Pottawatomie Creek

Fort Sumter

It was a federal fort that was attacked by southerners led by Beauregard. It was the first shots of the civil war

George Meade

He was the union commander at Gettysburg

McClellan

He was the commander of the union at Potomac. He won Antietam Creek which was a turning point in the civil war. He was fired after the battle because he didn’t pursue Lee’s Army. He was great at training the soldiers, but he was always scared of losing. He ran for president against Lincoln. He ran on the basis that he would end the war

Andrew Johnson

Tennessean who ran with Lincoln. Presidency and impeachment. He was set up to be impeached by the Tenure of Office Act

Ulysses S. Grant

He became union general after McClellan. He used the union advantage which was numbers. He won the battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia. He also had help from black soldiers

Battle of the Ironclads

A battle between the Moniter(U) and the Merrimack(S). The Moniter won. The union blockade was very effective after the Merrimack was defeated

13th Amendment

It abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Allowed former slaves to become citizens. It led to Corporate America

15th Amendment

Universal Manhood Suffrage. It gave all men the right to vote

Battles of Antietam Creek

: A major turning point in the Civil War. The north had not had a significant victory in over a year. It kept the Europeans out of the war. Lee lost his battle plans and McClellan found them and used them to win the war. It gave Lincoln the opportunity to announce the Emancipation Proclamation and it put the war on a higher plane.

Gettysburg

Meade was the commander of the Union Army. Lee was the commander of the confederate army. Picket was a southern general that led the futile charge against the Union Line that led to the defeat of the confederates. Chamberlain was a Union general who led a charge against the southern line when his troops ran out of ammo. Had he not succeeded the South would have won. Warren Oats was the commander who was defeated by Chamberlain

Vicksburg

It was the fight for the Mississippi River. Grant stayed with the battle and sieged the town. He starved them out

1st Bull Run

It was a surprising southern victory led by Stonewall Jackson

Ten-Percent Plan

If 10% of a southern state’s voters pledged allegiance to the Union then they could reenter the union. It was Lincoln’s plan to rebuild America. The Wade-Davis Bill was an alternative to the 10% plan

Black Codes

They were codes of conduct for former slaves. It also included work laws. Sharecropping situations arose in the south. So in reality slavery never really left the south

KKK

This group was established after the war by Nathan Bedford Forrest. His idea was southerners to regain control of the south. They used force to intimidate former slaves

Freedman’s Bureau

It was a program to help slaves through shelter, education, and many other ways. It was started by Lawrence Oliver

“Bloody Shirt”

The union blamed the war on the south by waving the bloody shirt. It helped keep Republicans in office and Democrats out

Grantism

trusted his advisors too much. The term has to do with the amount of corruption that is around following the civil war. It was blamed on Grant

The Compromise of 1877

It officially ended the civil war by removing all federal troops from the Southern States. The South also got a cabinet position. The Union got Rutherford B. Hayes as president

Grover Cleveland

There was a surplus of money and it got spent

Cornelius Vanderbilt

He made his fortune in shipping. He is an example of the Robber Barons. He was brutal

Andrew Carnegie

He made his fortune through railroads and U.S. steel. He came up with vertical integration; controlling all aspects of a business

J.P. Morgan

He lent the government money when they were in debt. Morganization was when he took small businesses and taught them how to organize and become successful. He managed other peoples money very well

Gospel of Wealth

God gave us money so we should spread it around and give it to the poor

Knights of Labor

It was a labor union that helped unskilled workers. Terrence Powderly was the first president of the union. It was responsible for the Haymarket festival where a bomb was thrown in the crowd. The union became associated with bad things and marked the decline of Labor Unions

Samuel Gompers

The AF of L. It was a successful union that did quite well

Booker T. Washington

He was associated with Tuskegee Institute. Vocational education. George Washington Carver was a professor at the Institute

Dr. W. E. B. DuBois

He started the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples. He clashed with Washington because he believed in immediate change

A Century of Dishonor

Written by Helen Hunt Jackson it was a commentary on American Indians and how the U.S. treated them