biology final examm.

DARWIN

charles, father of evolution

VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE

a structure that has shrunken and is not really needed any more but was once needed in the ancestors.

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE

a structure that two different species share in common.

TRILOBITE

extinct autotrophs that form the class trilobita. in the paleozoic era

DICHOTOMOUS KEY

taxonomic too, tool that allows the user to determine and the identity of the natural world.

GENUS

within a family and containing an species.

RADIOACTIVE DATING

method used in determining the age of something by comparing its isotopes to a normal one.

HMS BEAGLE

ship darwin traveled around on

EVOLUTION

development of a new species over time, or a change in characteristics over time.

AMBER

tree sap

COCCI

spherical shaped bacteria ●

SPIRILLA

spiral shaped bacteria ~

BACILLUS

rod shaped bacteria ­­­—

RETROVIRUS

a virus that contains a single strand of RNA, and produces reverse transcriptase.

PROKARYOTIC

a single-celled organism with no nucleus or membrane bound nucleus

ENDOSPORE

a thick protective pore inside a bacterial cell, and it resists harsh conditions

ANTIBIOTIC

inhibits the growth of or kills microorganisms

PROTIST

an organism that doesn't classify into any other category, can be single or multi-celled.

VECTOR

anything that can incorporate foreign DNA and can transfer DNA

TSETSE FLY

carry African Sleeping Virus

PSEUDOPOD

leg-like structures, they help with food digestion and movement.

AUTOTROPH

make own food, or nutrients. (ex. plants)

HETEROTROPH

get food from others. (ex. humans, animals)

CONJUGATION

in algae and fungi, an exchange of genetic material that occurs between two temporarily joined cells; in prokaryotes, the process by which two organisms bind together and one cell transfers DNA to the other cell through a structure called a sex pilus.

CILIA

hairlike structures arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells

FLAGELLA

long, hairlike structures that grow out of a cell and enables the cell to move.

EUGLENA

flagellated unicellular algae

PARAMECIUM

group of unicellular protozoa, with cilia

BILATERAL SYMMETRY

a condition in which two equal halves of a body mirror each other

TISSUES

a collection of specialized cells and cell products that preform a specific function

SLIME MOLD

eukaryotes

DIATOM

a unicellular alga that has a double shell that contains silica

MYOTOME

group of tissues formed from somites that develop into the body wall muscle

CAUDAL FIN

aka tail fin, fin the makes the fish move

PANCREAS

makes digestive juice to break down food.

SPONGE

an aquatic invertebrate of the phylum Porifera that attaches to stones or plants and has a porous structure and a tough, elastic skeleton.

CNIDOBLASTS

aka cnidocyte, a stinging cell of a cnidarian

BILE

breaks down food.

AORTA

the main artery in the body; it carries blood from the left ventricle to systematic circulation

LIVER

produces bile

PERICARDIAL SAC

the membrane surrounding the heart

DIAPHRAGM

muscle used for breathing

LARGE INTESTINES

stores wastes, and absorbs remaining water

SMALL INTESTINES

where most of the food is digested

CORONARY ARTERIES

the deep arteries in the body, (classified as "end circulation", since they represent the only source of blood supply to the myocardium: there is very little redundant blood supply, which is why blockage of these vessels can be so critical.)

FISSION

splitting of something into its parts

FISSION

splitting of something into its parts