chapter 7

very active tissues, made up of several types of tissues so is an organ.

bones

support and protection, give shape to the head, thorax and limbs, bones such as pelvis and lower limbs provide support for the body

bone functions

expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones are ..(long bone)

epiphyses

covers the epiphyses

articular cartilages

the shaft of the bone

diaphysis

covers the bone and is continuos with ligaments and tendons

periosteum

the bone ____ makes possible its function

shape

_____ grooves indicate places of attachment for muscels.

bony processes

makes up the wall of the diaphysis

compact bone

the epiphyses are filled with _____ to reduce the weight of the skeleton

spongy bone

the diaphysis contains a hallow medullary cavity that is lined with ____ and filled with ___
(end of longbone)

endosteum, marrow

bone cells ___ are located within ____ that lie in the concentric circles around ____ central canals

osteocytes, lacunae, osteonic

pass nutrients and gasses in the matrix through canaliculi.

osteocytes

intercellular material consists of

collagen and inorganic salts

osteocytes and intercellular material are organized into osteons that are cemented together.

compact bone

contain blood vessels and nerve fibers and extend longitudinally through bone

osteonic canals

osteonic canals are interconnected by

transverse perforating canals

the intercellular material material in spongy bone are not arranged around____

osteonic canals

bones form in sheetlike layers of connective tissue
(flat bones of the skull)

intramembranous bones

bones form while by replacing masses of cartilage

endochondral bones

deposit bony tissue around themselves

osteoblasts

bone located in the lacunea

osteocytes

hallow cavities

lacunea

connective tissue that lies outside the developing bone give rise to the...

periosteum

most of the bones of the skeleton fall into this catagory

endochondral bones

layers of cartilage cells undergoing mitosis make up the ___

epiphyseal plate

tear down bone

osteoclasts

____ forms in the region of the diaphysis due to the activity of osteoclasts

medullary cavity

build bone throughout the lifespan with the processes of resoprtion deposition

osteoblasts

blood cells begin to form in the yolk sak through...

hematopoieses

____ functions in the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, and is found in the spongy bone of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, and pelvis

red marrow

____ occupying the cavities of most bones, stores fat.

yellow marrow

bone stores

magnesium, sodium,potassium, and carbonate ions.

the ____ consists of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thorax

axial skeleton

the ____ consists of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, peliv gerdle, and lower limbs.

appendicular skeleton

held close together by dense connective tissue and are immovable or only slightly movable.

fibrous joints

hyaline cartilage or disks of fibrocartilage unite the bones in___

cartilaginous joints

mostly in the skeleton that are more complex than fibrous or cartilaginous joints

synovial joints

shock absorbing pads of fibrocartilage

menisci

fluidfilled sacs

bursae

a joint that consists of a bone with a globular egg-shaped head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone; very wide range of motion(hip and shoulder )

ball and socket joint

joints that consist of ovoid condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity, permitting a variety of motions(metacarpal and phalnage )

condyloid joint

a joint that surfaces are flat or slightly curved aloowing a back and forth motion(wrist and ankle )

gliding joints

convex surface fits into a concave surface, movement in one plane only(joint)in the elbow and finger

hinge joint

a ring of bone and fiborous tissue (joint).

pivot joint

concave and convex areas (joint) a wide range of movements(thumb)

saddle joint