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helps control and intergrate all body activities, along with endocrine system,but does so more rapidly |
nervous system |
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brain and spinal cord |
structures in the central nervous system |
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nerves, ganglia, enteric plexus, and sensory receptors |
structures in the peripheral nervous system |
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in |
sensory |
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out |
motory |
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contains billions of neurons and 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
brain |
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bundle of axons and connective tissue that lies outside the brain and spinal cord |
nerve |
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connects to the brain and extends through the vertebral column, it contains many neurons and spinal nerves |
spinal cord |
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small masses of nervous tissue containg primarily call bodies of neurons that are locates outside the brain and spinal cord,, part of the autonomic nervous system |
ganglia |
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extensive networks of neurons located in the GI tract that regulate the digestive system |
Enteric plexuses |
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dendrites of sensory neurons or specialized cells that monitor changes in the internal or external environment |
sensory receptors |
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nerve impulses are also called |
action potentials |
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nerve cells |
neurons |
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neurology |
branch of medical science that deals with the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system |
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three broad functions of the nervous system |
1) sensory |
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sensory receptors detect internal and external stimuli |
sensory |
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neurons that carry sensory information from cranial and spinal nerves into the brain and spinal cord |
afferent neurons |
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the nervous system integrates sensory information by analyzing and storing some and making decisions for the appropriate responses, nost of which are short interneurons that connect nearby neurons in the brain and spinal cord |
integrative |
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involves responding to the integration decisions, efferent neurons carry information from the brain toward the spinal cord into cranial and spinal nerves |
motory |
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cells and organs contacted by motor neurons in cranial and spinal nerves which are usually muscle fibers or glands |
effectors |
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any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential |
stimulus |
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electrical signal that propagates along the surface of a membrane of a neuron |
action potential |
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contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes typical cellular organelles |
cell body |
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general term for any neuronal process that emerges from the cell body of a neuron |
nerve fiber |
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receiving or input portions of a neuron |
dendrites |
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propagattes nerve impulses toward another neuron,a muscle fiber, or a gland cell, it's a long thin cylindrical projection that often joins the cell body at a cone shaped elevation |
axon |
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specialized tissue cells that support neurons, attach neurons to blood vessels, produce myelin sheath around axons of the CNS and carry out phagocytes |
neuroglia |
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hold neurons in shape compared to one another |
astrocytes |
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lay myelin sheath and are only located in CNS |
oligodendrocytes |
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clear away dead cells |
microglia |
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produce cerebrospinal fluid |
ependymal |
