Latin Grammar

temporal cum clause

when.
A. Indicative- specific
B. Subjunctive- general or specific

causal cum clause

since

concessive cum clause

although

to wish

volo/ vis/ vult
volumus/ vultis/ volunt

to not wish

nolo/ non vis/ non vult
nolumus/ non vultis/ nolunt

to prefer

malo/ mavis/ mavult
malumus/ mavultis/ malunt

to be done, to become

fio, fieri, factus sum

hic, iste, ille

hic- 1st p. "this"

iste 2nd p. "that". neg. connotation

ille- 3rd p. "that". positive connotation

simple present condition (indicative condition)

present indicative followed by present indicative

simple past condition (indicative condition)

imperf. indic. followed by imperf. indic.

simple future condition (indicative condition)

future indic. followed by future indic.

present contrary to fact condition (subjunctive condition)

imperf. subj followed by imperf subj

past contrary to fact condition (subjunctive condition)

plpf subj followed by plpf subj

future less vivid condition (subjunctive condition)

pres subj followed by pres subj

horatory subjunctive

1st p. "let us..."

jussive subjunctive

3rd p. "may he..."

volitive subjunctive

2nd p. "(you) do..."

questions

-ne: emphasis

nonne: expects yes

num: expects no

positive adjective ending

-us, -a, -um (1st and 2nd decl)

comparative adjective ending

-ior, -ius, -ioris (3rd decl)

superlative adjective ending

-issimus, -a, -um
-limus, -a, -um
-rimus, -a, -um

where do you add the ending of an adjective or adverb?

to the base, found in the genitive singular

positive adverb ending

-e (1st and 2nd), -iter (3rd), -um (2nd)

comparitive adverb ending

-ius

superlative adverb ending

-issime, -rime, -lime

bonus (irregular adverb)

bene, melius, optime

magnus (irregular adverb)

maxime, maius, magnopere

multus (irregular adverb)

multum, plus, plurime

prae (irregular adverb)

---, primus, primum

dependent clause

protasis

independent clause

apodosis

fear clause

-use verb of fearing (i.e. timeo)
-subjunctive
-ut (that...not), ne (that)
-originally a jussive

ablatives of motion
MASPCDOC

means (non-living)

agent (individual)- ab

ablative proper:
separation

place from which- ex, ab

comparison

degree of difference

origin

cause- less intention than abl of means

static ablatives
AMADAPTR

accompaniment (personal)- cum

manner (impersonal)

accordance

description

ablative absolute- "with..., when.... because..."

place where- in, sub

time when/within which

respect

gerundive

-verbal adj.
-equiv. to the future passive participle
-perf. pass part. + form of
esse + gerundive= passive periphrasitic

gerund

-noun
-occurs only in neuter singular
-occurs only in gen., dat., acc., and abl..

subjective genitive

"love of..."

objective genitive

"love for..."