Chemistry: Unit 2 - Element Characteristics

Silicon

Used to make computer chips

Nitrogen

Important ingradient in plant fertilizers

Oxygen

a component of air that is necessary for life

Boron

extracted from borax to use in detergents

Mercury

commonly used in barometers

Gallium

Used in microwave equipment

Carbon

Soot deposits from fuel not burning efficiently is made from _________.

Sulfur

Compounds of this smell of rotten eggs

Aluminum

common metal that most soda cans are made of

Zinc

Combines with copper to form brass

Arsenic

a metalliod that works as an effective poison

Selenium

used in photo cells

Cadmium

used in rechargeable batteries, but is toxic

Tin

Food cans are coated with this to provide a protective coating to prevent corrosion and is nontoxic

Polonium

a radioactive element named after Poland

Bismuth

Found in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

Phosphorus

the white form of this element is very flammable

Carbon

diamonds are one of its allotropes

Indium

used in safety devices

Lithium

used in antidepressant medicines

Francium

the only radioactive element in the alkali metal group

Potassium

used to make glass stronger

Potassium

used as a replacement in low-sodium diets

Bromine

the liquid member of the halogen family

Iodine

a halogen used in photography

Fluorine

the most reactive nonmetal

Iodine

extracted from sea water

Bromine

extracted from sea water

Chlorine

forms a poisonous gas; but yet is used in swimming pools

Astatine

the radioactive member of the halogen family

Flurorine

the lightest member of the halogen group

Seaborgium

an element named after an American nuclear chemist

Curium

an element named after a French chemist

Bohrium

an element named after a Danish physicist

Hassium

an element named from a German province

Dubnium

an element named after a Russian city

Rutherfordium

an element named after the scientist who conducted the Gold-foil experiment

Meitnerium

an element named after a, Austrian physicist

Mendelevium

named after the scientist who first published the periodic table

Fermium

named after an Italian nuclear scientist

Einsteinium

named after the scientist who developed the theory of relativity

Hydrogen

most abundant element in the universe

Hydrogen

simplest element on the periodic table

Hydrogen

most used for production of ammonia & vegetable oils

Hydrogen

rocket fuel; fuel cells

Helium

2nd most abundent element in the universe

Helium

discovered in sun before found here on earth

Lithium

lightest & simplest of all solids

Lithium

vital component in dry-cell batteries

Beryllium

deadly poison with a sugary taste

Beryllium

primary constituent in emeralds

Boron

borax

Carbon

graphite & diamonds

Carbon

MANY common compounds with this as a backbone

carbon

main source is directly from earth as coal

Carbon

radiometric dating

Nitrogen

most abundent gas in the earth's atmoshpere

Nitrogen

Haber process for ammonia

Nitrogen

explosives

Nitrogen

used when a nonreactive atmosphere is needed

Nitrogen

one of its compounds is used to make laughing gas

Oxygen

vital for sustaining life; about 20% of the atmosphere; ozone

Oxygen

most common element in earth's crust

Fluorine

added to drinking water & toothpaste to reduce cavities

Neon

when electricity is applied, it glows intense orange lights

Sodium

so reactive, not found by itself in nature

Sodium

so many important compounds. . . salt, baking soda

Magnesium

catalyst in organic reactions so essential to good health

Aluminum

most abundant metal on the surface of the earth

Silicon

contained in common beach sand

Silicon

used to make glass, soaps, and adhesives

Sulfur

odorless until contact with air or moisture to form compounds

Sulfur

gun powder

Sulfur

auto batteries

Chlorine

common antiseptic and bleaching agent

Chlorine

used in WWI, deadly gas

Argon

used to fill incandescent light bulbs

Potassium

compounds used in fertilizers, salt substitutes, soaps & detergents

Calcium

found in plaster of paris

Calcium

found in limestone; chalk

Titanium

used for surgical pins and instruments because it does not react with flesh & bone

Chromium

used in pigments

Manganese

enhances steel and is used in railroad tracks

Manganese

crucial to the effectiveness of Vitamin B1

Iron

considered the most plentiful, inexpensive & useful of all metals

Iron

when dissolved in carbon produces steel

Cobalt

has a characteristic blue glass

Nickel

Used in powerful magnets

Nickel

its compounds tend to be green in color

Copper

used significantly in the electrical industry

Copper

one of its compounds used as an algaecide & fungicide

Zinc

coats steel to prolong its life

Zinc

added with copper to produce brass

Arsenic

highly poisonous; used as a weed killer & rat poison

Bromine

used in dyes and disinfectants

Krypton

used to fill incandescent light bulbs

Krypton

fills the lamps that line airport runways

Palladium

used in teeth braces

Silver

one of its compounds is considered a rain-making compound

Cadmium

responsible for intense color paint pigments

Tin

a thin coating on steel cans prevents corrosion and it ideal for food packaging because nontoxic

Iodine

extracted from seawater/seaweed

Iodine

needed for hormone in thyroid gland

Xenon

used in strobe lights

Barium

used in X-rays to visualize soft tissue

Barium

used in fireworks; burns a brillant green

Tungsten

highest melting point of all metals

Tungsten

temperature can be raised to a point where it glows a bright white

Tungsten

used in the filaments of light bulbs

Iridium

the most corrosion-resistant of all known metals

Platinum

precious metal used in the medical & dental fields

Gold

a precious metal with ancient origins

Mercury

as known as quicksilver

Mercury

used in thermometers and barometers

Lead

poisoning can lead to birth defects and deformities

Lead

used to contain radioactivity

Lead

can be final product in nuclear decay series

Bismuth

used in heat-activated elements because of its low melting point

Polonium

discovered with radium

Radon

heavy radioactive gas

Radon

possible health hazard in basements

Radium

an intensely radioactive element that glows in the dark

Radium

used up to the 50s in paints for airplane gauge panels and watch dials

Uranium

virtually all quantities are used by the military or the nuclear power industry

Plutonium

a main ingredient in fission weapons

Plutonium

a by=product in nuclear power plants